You are here
Specimen count
Pteridophyte taxa known or reported from Sulawesi
Nephrolepis cordifolia
EOL Text
United States
Rounded National Status Rank: NNA - Not Applicable
Rounded Global Status Rank: G4 - Apparently Secure
Reasons: Pantropical distribution.
Tuber ladder fern, (Nephrolepis cordifolia) is a fern native to northern Australia and Asia. It has many common names including erect sword fern, narrow sword fern and ladder fern, fishbone fern, and herringbone fern.[1] It is similar to the related fern Nephrolepis exaltata.
Contents |
Distribution
It has been introduced into Bermuda, French Polynesia, New Zealand, and the United States.[2]
The species is native in north eastern Australia, and is considered naturalised on the central east coast of New South Wales.[1]
Invasive species
N. cordifolia has become an invasive species is some areas where it has been introduced. In New Zealand it is listed on the National Pest Plant Accord preventing the sale, cultivation and distribution of the plant. It is listed as an invasive species in Florida, United States.[3]
References
- ^ a b "Nephrolepsis cordifolia". PlantNet - FloraOnline. Retrieved 30 December 2012.
- ^ "Nephrolepis cordifolia". Global Invasive Species Database (Invasive Species Specialist Group). Retrieved 8 November 2011.
- ^ "Nephrolepis cordifolia". Florida Exotic Pest Plant Council. Retrieved 8 November 2011.
License | http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/ |
Rights holder/Author | Wikipedia |
Source | http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Nephrolepis_cordifolia&oldid=551282105 |
5. Nephrolepis cordifolia ( L.) C. Presl - Fig . 1j; Map 3; Plate 2d
Nephrolepis cordifolia ( L.) C. Presl (1836) 79 ; Baker (1867) 300 ; Backer & Posth . (1939) 91 ; Copel. (1958) 186 ; Holttum (1968) 379 ; Tagawa & K. Iwats . (1985) 172 ; Proctor (1989) 262 ; Nauman (1992) 287 ; Verdc . (1996) 539 ; (2001) 7 ; Mickel & A.R. Sm. (2004) 405 . - Polypodium cordifolium L. (1753) 1089 . - Aspidium cordifolium ( L.) Sw. (1801) 32 ; (1806) 45 . - Lectotype ( Verdcourt , 1996): Ekman H11627 ( K ), Hispaniola .
Polypodium auriculatum L. (1759) 1326 (nom. rej.). - Nephrolepis auriculata ( L.) Trimen (1888) 152 ; Verdc . (1996) 540 . - Lectotype ( Verdcourt , 1996): Herb. Hermann s.n. ( BM ), Ceylon .
Aspidium tuberosum Bory (1810) 234 . - Nephrodium tuberosum ( Bory) Desv. (1827) 252 . - Nephrolepis tuberosa ( Bory) C. Presl ( 1836) 79 . - Type : Anon. s.n. ( B-Willd. , L , P ), Réunion .
Nephrodium edule D. Don (1825) 5 . - Type : Hamilton s.n. (n.v.), India .
Aspidium imbricatum Spreng. (1827) 97 . - Nephrolepis imbricata ( Spreng .) C. Presl (1836) 79 . - Nephrodium imbricatum ( Spreng .) Bojer(1837) 392 . - Type : Sieber 41 ( K ), Mauritius .
Nephrolepis rhizodes Kunze(1848a) 236 . - Type : Zollinger 2526 ( L ).
Nephrolepisintramarginalis Kunze (1850) 268 . - Type : Anon. s.n.cult. in hort. Lips. ( L ), cultivated .
Nephrolepis flexuosa Colenso(1888) 231 . - Type : Colenso s.n. ( K ).
Habit, rhizome morphology. Plants forming tufts of 3-7 fronds. Runners 0.5-1.5 mm thick, branching angle divaricate. Scales on runners very sparse to dense, spreading or squarrose (occasionally). Tubers present or absent. Fronds to 40-120 by 2-6 cm, stipe 4-15 cm long. Lamina base strongly reduced, tapering over 10-25 cm, basal pinnae 4-10 cm long, 0.7-1.7 cm distant, middle pinnae slightly to distinctly falcate. Sterile pinnae 1-3.3 by 3-9 mm, herbaceous, thick, base slightly to strongly unequal, basiscopic base rounded or cordate, acroscopic base cordate, distinctly to strongly auricled, margin in basal part dentate, towards apex deeply dentate, apex rounded or obtuse. Fertile pinnae 1.6-3.2 by 0.4-0.8 cm, otherwise similar to sterile ones. Indument . Basal scales pseudopeltate, spreading, 8 by 1 mm, central part light brown, dull, margin in basal part irregularly lacerate, not hyaline, towards apex denticulate, without marginal glands, apex narrow, not long uniseriate. Rachis scales sparse or dense, spreading, light brown, with lacerate base and a well-developed protracted entire acumen. Scales on lamina absent. Hairs on lamina absent or sometimes present, costa absent. Sori medial, 6-15 pairs on fully fertile pinnae, elongated, not impressed. Indusium lunulate or broad, attached at broad base.
Distribution - Africa: Madagascar, Mauritius, Seychelles, Sao Tomé , Cameroon; Asia: India, Sri Lanka, Burma?, China, Japan, Taiwan, Indochina : Tonkin ; throughout Malesia ; Pacifc : New Caledonia, New Hebrides ; Australia: Queensland down to Northern end of NSW, Lord Howe Isl.; New Zealand (North Island, Norfolk, Kermadec ); Pacifc Islands. Hawaii (cultivated?), Samoa. Often cultivated and possibly as garden escape in some localities.
Habitat & Ecology - In tropical regions mostly at middle elevations ( 800-2000 m), occasionally higher (collections from lower elevations are probably from cultivated plants ), often in submontane or ridge forest, mostly terrestrial (often on rotting logs), rarely epiphytic; rarely in fully open situations. In subtropical areas often growing at lower elevation.
Map 3. Distribution of Nephrolepis cordifolia (L.) C. Presl (continuous line; a = var. pseudolauterbachii ; b = var. pumicicola ), N. lauterbachii H. Christ (dotted line), N. pectinata ( Willd.) Schott (broken line c) and N. undulata ( Afzel .) J.Sm. (broken line).
Notes - Runners in this species can be with or without scaly tubers, the presence of which (at least when judged from the presence in herbarium specimens) seems to be erratic, not correlated to other characters. They are produced mainly on underground runners - the aerial parts appear to form tubers more sporadically. In cultivation, the tubers can be observed to shrivel and disappear when plants are kept dry - in nature the presence may be similarly dependent on periods of moist conditions. For these reasons, it is impossible to use herbarium collections to assess the frequency with which tubers are formed.
In the Neotropics, N. cordifolia is at many sites apparently escaped from cultivation. It may be native perhaps only in the central portion of the range (Cuba to Venezuela).
KEY TO THE VARIETIES
1a. Rhizome short, fronds erect to arching, pinnae in a plane with the rachis..... 2 b. Rhizome elongate, forming a distinct erect trunk, fronds stiffly erect, pinnae perpendicular to rachis................................. c. var. pumicicola 2a. Pinnae with basiscopic base rounded to cordate, margins straight............................................................. a. var. cordifolia
b. Pinnae with basiscopic base narrowed, margins sinuose............................................................. b. var. pseudolauterbachii
License | Public Domain |
Rights holder/Author | No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation. |
Source | http://treatment.plazi.org/id/276C13D1FF3DD1F008553FE6C63F4FC3 |
United States
Origin: Exotic
Regularity: Regularly occurring
Currently: Unknown/Undetermined
Confidence: Confident
Global Range: Indigenous to Hawaii (Valier 1995).
Fla.; Mexico; West Indies; Central America; South America; Africa; se Asia; Pacific Islands in Hawaii.
License | http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/ |
Rights holder/Author | eFloras.org Copyright © Missouri Botanical Garden |
Source | http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=1&taxon_id=233500798 |
Chile Central
License | http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/ |
Rights holder/Author | Pablo Gutierrez, IABIN |
Source | No source database. |
Stem scales spreading, concolored. Tubers present or absent. Leaves 2.5--10.7 × 0.3--0.7 dm. Petiole 0.3--2 dm, moderately to densely scaly; scales spreading, pale brown throughout. Blade lacking scales, glabrous (rarely with a few branched hairs abaxially). Rachis 2.2--9 dm, points of pinna attachment 5--12 mm apart; scales moderately spaced to dense, pale to dark brown, point of attachment distinctly darker. Central pinnae oblong to lanceolate-oblong, straight to slightly falcate, 0.9--5 × 0.4--0.9 cm, base auriculate-cordate, acroscopically overlapping rachis, acroscopic lobe deltate, margins entire to serrulate to smoothly crenate, apex acute to bluntly rounded; costae adaxially glabrous. Indusia reniform to lunate or deltate-rounded, attached along broad sinus, 1.1--1.7 mm wide. 2 n = 82.
License | http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/ |
Rights holder/Author | eFloras.org Copyright © Missouri Botanical Garden |
Source | http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=1&taxon_id=233500798 |
Polypodium cordifolium Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 2: 1089. 1753; Aspidium cordifolium (Linnaeus) Swartz
License | http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/ |
Rights holder/Author | eFloras.org Copyright © Missouri Botanical Garden |
Source | http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=1&taxon_id=233500798 |