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Pteridophyte taxa known or reported from Sulawesi
Ptisana
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Ptisana is a Paleotropical genus, recently seggregated from Marattia by Murdock (2008b). Murdock (2008a) showed that the placement of Angiopteris and Christensenia made Marattia s.l. polyphyletic. By recognising the New World "Marattia's" as Marattia s.s. and Eupodium, the remaining Palaeotropical "Marattia's" needed a new name, because none of the previous synonyms are available due to a variety of nomenclatorial reasons. Therefore a new genus was proposed by Murdock (2008b).
Ptisana counts about 20 species. It is a genus of the wet tropics, where it is more restricted to the higher cooler areas. It occurs on stream banks, in ravines, wet mountain and cloud forests, up to an elevation of 3000 m. It can be found in tropical Africa, South and East Asia, Malaysia, New Guinea south to New Zealand, on many Pacific islands, and on Ascension Island in the Atlantic.
The generic name is derived from the Latin feminine noun ptisana meaning pearl barley or a beverage made from pearl barley, which is derived from Greek, having the same meaning. The shape of the synangium resembles pearl barley (Murdock 2008b).
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Rights holder/Author | Maarten Christenhusz, Tree of Life web project |
Source | http://tolweb.org/Ptisana/56761 |
Rhizome massive, erect, bearing massive persistent leaf bases (stipules), forming caudex. Fronds large, 2-pinnate. Sori in bivalved synangia.
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Rights holder/Author | Mark Hyde, Bart Wursten, Petra Ballings, Flora of Zimbabwe |
Source | http://www.zimbabweflora.co.zw/speciesdata/genus.php?genus_id=9 |
Ptisana can be recognized by its fused, bilabiate synangia. It shares this character with Marattia, but there the synangia are vertically sulcate along the septa, which is not the case in Ptisana.
The blades are usually of a deltoid or pentagonal shape, and two to four times pinnate. The pinnae of the first order are generally opposite, though becoming alternate towards the apex. Pinnules of the second order or beyond are alternate. There are no venuloids between the veins of terminal segments.
The rhizome is often large, with an erect, usually globose, radially arranged apex. The stipules are large and when broken off can grow to become a new plant, which in some populations appears to be an important way of reproduction.
License | http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ |
Rights holder/Author | Maarten Christenhusz, Tree of Life web project |
Source | http://tolweb.org/Ptisana/56761 |
Relationships after Murdock (2008a, 2008b)
Murdock (2008a) inferred the phylogeny of Marattioid ferns based on combined analysis of nucleotide sequence data (plastid trnS-trnG intergeneric spacer plus the trnG intron, rps4-trnS intergeneric spacer, atpB and rbcL) and morphology. He studied the crown group of Marattiales, using Danaea as outgroup. He had a broad sampling of species but was not able to include all species of his new genus in the analysis, and thus the placement of several species remains unknown.
An interesting result within the Ptisana clade is that the basal species P. fraxinea is the only African species, and P. purpurascens occurs on Ascension Island in the Atlantic, whereas the species in the crown group have their predominant distribution in Asia-Oceania.
License | http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ |
Rights holder/Author | Maarten Christenhusz, Tree of Life web project |
Source | http://tolweb.org/Ptisana/56761 |
Ptisana is a genus in the eusporangiate fern family Marattiaceae, comprising species historically treated in the genus Marattia. The establishment of this genus follows the 2008 work by Andrew G. Murdock, which supported recognition of this group on the basis of genetic analysis and morphology.[1][2]Ptisana can be distinguished from Marattia by the presence of distinct sutures at the point of leaflet attachment, deeply cut synangia, and the absence of labiate sporangial apertures. The name Ptisana is derived from the Latin word for pearl barley, an allusion to the shape of the synangia.[1]
Ptisana has a palaeotropical distribution, with the westernmost extreme of the range in Ascension Island and extending eastward through tropical Africa, Asia, and Oceania. The basal chromosome number for this genus is 2n=78, whereas the one count for Marattia in the strict sense is 2n=80.[3] The type species is Ptisana salicina.
Species[edit]
- Ptisana fraxinea (Sm.) Murdock – Africa to India, including Indian Ocean islands
- Ptisana salicina (Sm.) Murdock – king fern; South Pacific islands, including New Guinea
- Ptisana attenutata (Labill.) Murdock – New Caledonia
- Ptisana sambucina (Blume) Murdock – Malesia and Vietnam
- Ptisana sylvatica (Blume) Murdock – Malesia
- Ptisana pellucida (C. Presl) Murdock – Malaysia and the Philippines
- Ptisana mertensiana (C. Presl) Murdock – Micronesia
- Ptisana ternatea (de Vriese) Murdock – Moluccas, New Guinea, the Philippines
- Ptisana purpurascens (de Vriese) Murdock – Ascension Island
- Ptisana smithii (Mett. ex Kuhn) Murdock – Vanuatu, Fiji, Samoas, Tonga
- Ptisana melanesica (Kuhn) Murdock – New Guinea and nearby islands
- Ptisana obesa (Christ) Murdock – New Guinea
- Ptisana squamosa (Christ) Murdock – New Guinea
- Ptisana grandifolia (Copel.) Murdock – New Guinea
- Ptisana novoguineensis (Rosenst.) Murdock – New Guinea
- Ptisana oreades (Domin) Murdock – northern Australia
- Ptisana howeana (W.R.B. Oliver) Murdock – Lord Howe Island
- Ptisana rigida (Alderw.) Murdock – New Guinea, Sulawesi
- Ptisana platybasis (Copel.) Murdock – New Guinea
- Ptisana costulisora (Altson) Murdock – New Guinea and nearby islands
References[edit]
- ^ a b Murdock, Andrew G. (2008). "A taxonomic revision of the eusporangiate fern family Marattiaceae, with description of a new genus Ptisana". Taxon 57 (3): 737–755.
- ^ Murdock, Andrew G. (2008). "Phylogeny of marattioid ferns (Marattiaceae) inferring a root in the absence of a closely related outgroup.". American Journal of Botany 95 (5): 626–641. doi:10.3732/ajb.2007308. PMID 21632388.
- ^ Smith, Alan R; Mickel, John T (1977). "Chromosome counts for Mexican ferns". Brittonia 29: 391–398. doi:10.2307/2806481.
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Source | http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ptisana&oldid=618424895 |